The tides may finally be turning for students with dyslexia in the state of Washington. Parents across the state have been clamoring for evidence-based dyslexia interventions, such as the Barton Reading and Spelling Program, only to be told that districts have no obligation to implement specific interventions for students with IEPs. This latest decision in a case against the Peninsula School District argued by Cedar Law Partner, Elicia Johnson, says enough is enough.
In the Peninsula case, the family requested that the Peninsula School District implement the Barton Reading and Spelling Program or any other “evidence-based, structured literacy program designed for students with dyslexia” for their daughter who has dyslexia. The Peninsula School District refused to consider the family’s request in any meaningful way and the ALJ determined that such refusal was illegal:
Although the Parents participated in every IEP meeting and had ample opportunity to advocate for the Student, their multiple requests for the District to implement an evidence-based, structured literacy program designed for students with dyslexia were dismissed out of hand at every turn. The District never meaningfully considered the Parents’ request for structured literacy curriculum and never addressed it in an IEP or PWN. If there was discussion of Barton or other structured literacy programs at IEP meetings, the Parents were either told that Barton was not District-approved, without providing an alternative or documenting the Parents’ request and the reasons for denial, or the Parents were told “now is not the time to discuss this.” The repeated dismissal of the Parents’ concerns and request for a specific intervention impeded the Student’s right to a FAPE and caused a deprivation of educational benefits.
Based upon this fundamental failure to consider the family’s request for a specific intervention, the ALJ found that it “naturally follows that the District violated the IDEA and denied the Student FAPE by failing to provide the Student with an evidence-based, multi-sensory, structured-literacy program for students with dyslexia and implement it with fidelity.”
Notably, the ALJ ordered the Peninsula School District to reimburse the family for the costs of two private evaluations by outside experts as a result of its failures as well as to provide two full school years of compensatory education.
The ALJ also ordered the Peninsula School District to work with the family to create an appropriate IEP by no later than the 5th day of the 2023-2024 school year. The requirements for this new IEP underscore the Peninsula School District’s failures and how they need to be remedied.
Specifically, the new IEP must:
- “expressly require the District to implement, with fidelity, an evidence-based structured literacy program designed for students with dyslexia (program) for the Student’s SDI in reading. The special education teacher or paraeducator delivering the program shall be qualified to deliver the program and be fully trained in its use. The program shall be delivered in the scope and sequence intended by its designers, including use of the program’s assessments and progress monitoring tools”;
- “explicitly reflect the scope and sequence of the District’s chosen program [in annual goals]”;
- “specify a mechanism by which goal progress is regularly communicated to all staff delivering instruction to the Student”;
- “specify appropriate accommodations to ensure that the Student is not expected to read at a level that is contraindicated by her current level in the structured literacy program”; and
- “specify a mechanism for regular communication (at a minimum once every two weeks) between the Student’s general education teacher(s), special education teacher, and private tutor (if any) to ensure that, to the extent practicable, the Student’s literacy education is delivered consistently with the elements of structured literacy.”
Critically for other families in the Peninsula School District, the ALJ took the extraordinary step of ordering the district to take district-wide remedial measures including training staff on compliance with the law and create and maintain a district-wide list of all approved reading curricula. In ordering these remedial measures, the ALJ made the following notable findings:
- “It is apparent…that the District lacks understanding of its obligations to comply with RCW 28A.320.260, which provides that when a student shows indications of below grade level literacy development or areas of weakness associated with dyslexia, school districts must provide evidence-based, multisensory, structured literacy interventions implemented by an educator trained in instructional methods that specifically target students’ areas of weakness. RCW 28A.320.260(3).”
- “The current Director of Special Education is aware of District-wide confusion regarding the proper interpretation of iReady results and how it negatively impacts students’ progress monitoring. Inexplicably, she has done nothing to train her staff regarding this issue… High-level District special education staff, such as the Elementary Special Education Coordinator…believed that ‘tested out’ meant that the Student had mastered that particular skill and ‘made nice progress.’ This misunderstanding of iReady results had a detrimental impact on the Student in this case because the District believed she was making progress when she was not. This lack of basic knowledge about the District’s chosen progress monitoring tool is unacceptable.”
- “The lack of communication between District special education administrators and the Student’s teachers and the lack of understanding regarding what curriculum was available to the Student’s teachers is unacceptable and caused harm to the Student.”
To the extent there was ever any doubt, the Peninsula case makes absolutely clear that districts are required to provide students who received specially designed instruction for dyslexia with an evidence-based, multi-sensory, structured-literacy program designed for students with dyslexia, and that such a program must be implement with fidelity by qualified and trained staff. We believe this case serves as a roadmap for families across the state struggling with district that, like the Peninsula School District, refuse to consider specific interventions for students with dyslexia. Please contact us if you would like to consult on your family’s case.
Read the full decision here.